8 – He Engaged in Numerous Homosexual Affairs
Given the barbarity of the era, it seems remarkable to learn that ancient civilizations had a far more enlightened opinion of homosexuality than many modern nations. As well as being a renowned womanizer, Philip was also involved in a wide array of homosexual affairs and trysts. Philip was a product of his time; homosexuality was considered normal in Greek city-states such as Thebes, although other states were quick to judge the Thebans if they didn’t approve of same-sex relationships.
It is probable that Philip first learned that he had sexual feelings for males when he trained in military tactics in Thebes as a youth. Thebes was known for two things: Its exceptional military prowess and its celebration of same-sex affection. The famous Sacred Band of Thebes was comprised entirely of homosexuals. In fact, the elite fighting unit consisted of just 300 men; 150 gay couples who swore an oath to die in battle rather than retreat or surrender.
Plato believed it was an excellent idea because, in his opinion, it would be more shameful for a warrior to act like a coward in front of his lover than in front of his companions, father, or anyone else. Plato said that these warriors “would be ready to die a thousand deaths rather than endure this.” The Sacred Band remained true to their word as all but 46 were wiped out at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC as Thebes was defeated by Philip and Alexander. Philip reportedly wept when he discovered the fate of this special unit.
There are claims that Philip had sexual relationships with young boys which would fit in with the relatively common practice of Pederasty in Ancient Greece. Certainly, he had two male adult lovers, both of whom were called Pausanias. Incidentally, Alexander’s main male lovers were Hephaestion and Bagoas. It was Philip’s cruel treatment of the older Pausanias that lead to his demise; but not before he tried to stab Alexander in a drunken attack.