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1. Adolf Hitler
German dictator and leader of the Nazi Party (also known as the Nationalist Socialist Worker’s Party). Hitler became German Chancellor on January 30, 1933, and following the death of the president Paul von Hindenburg, he assumed the twin titles of Führer and Chancellor on August 2, 1934. Hitler served in the German Army during the First World War and after the war returned to Munich where he continued to work for the German military.
While working as an intelligence officer Hitler monitored the activities of the German Worker’s Party (the DAP). He was drawn to the political philosophy espoused by DAP leader Anton Drexler which at its roots was anti-Semitic, anti-Marxist and nationalistic. Hitler joined the party in September 1919 and within two years had replaced Drexler as party leader. By this time the party was more commonly known as the Nazi Party. Hitler even designed the notorious symbol of the Nazi Party, the Swastika.
After an unsuccessful attempted coup on November 8, 1923, Hitler was arrested and tried for high treason. He was sentenced to nine months in prison where he wrote: “Mein Kampf” (My Struggle) where he outlined his vision for Germany. The book was translated into 11 languages and sold more than 5 million copies by 1939. The scapegoating of the Jewish population resonated with millions of unemployed Germans who were looking for someone to blame for the German Army’s loss in World War I and the dire poverty endured during the Great Depression.
Hitler ran for the presidency of Germany in 1932 and received 36% of the vote making him a serious political force in the country. The winner of the presidential race, Paul von Hindenburg reluctantly appointed Hitler as German Chancellor in an attempt to achieve political stability. The day after von Hindenburg’s death in August 1934, Hitler abolished the office of president and transferred the former powers of the president to the office of Chancellor, making him the commander of the armed forces.
Hitler’s invasion of Poland led to the outbreak of the Second World War which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions of people, including six million Jews who died during the Holocaust. On April 30, 1945, with Germany on the brink of defeat, Hitler and his wife, who had he married the previous day, committed suicide.
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