22. Couldn’t Be Starved Out By the Caliphate
In 717 A.D., the Muslim Umayyad Caliphate attempted to lay siege to Constantinople. This event was the climax of the epic Arab-Byzantine wars. However, the Caliphate found more than it had bargained for in the heavily fortified Constantinople. The city used its Greek Fire and sea chain to keep the Golden Horn open, ensuring they couldn’t be starved into submission.