The Betrayal of Montezuma: How Hernan Cortes Conquered Mexico
Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes (1485 – 1547) used betrayal to pull off one of history’s unlikeliest conquests with his seizure of Mexico. His victim was Emperor Montezuma II (circa 1469 – 1520), ruler of Tenochtitlan and the Aztec Empire from 1502 to 1520. The result was the native empire’s destruction and replacement by a vast Spanish domain in Mexico, while Cortes amassed extraordinary wealth and power. It began in February, 1519, when Cortes landed with a small force on Mexico’s eastern coast near today’s Vera Cruz, and subdued that region.
He then marched inland towards the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, and defeated or allied with the natives he encountered en route. By the time he reached Tenochtitlan, Cortes had a large native army, around a core of Spaniards. Montezuma, indecisive since he heard the first reports of Cortes’ arrival, invited him and his Spaniards into Tenochtitlan in November, 1519. He hoped to better understand them and their weaknesses. Foolishly, he plied his guests with lavish gifts of gold. That only served to excite their lust for plunder.