Hernia Surgeries
Hernias are a common medical issue, even today. Hernias occur when a piece of the intestine pokes through a weak area in the abdominal wall, and can be in the groin, abdomen or belly button. Hernias can cause significant pain and discomfort, but may be asymptomatic.
The earliest records of hernias and hernia treatments date to the ancient world, and attempts at hernia treatment appear on the mummies of two ancient Egyptian pharaohs. Ancient attempts at treatments included enemas, special diets, and castration. In addition, trusses or firm compression devices, were used. These are still used for some hernias today.
The 17th century Italian anatomist, Gabriele Fallopio proposed a surgical correction for inguinal hernias, or hernias occurring in the groin. The procedure involved a wide excision of the sac with surrounding skin and all of the hernia contents. The intestine was sewn up using a special suturing technique. The surgery was largely avoided. Like other surgeries of the time, it was quite dangerous; however, in this case, castration often resulted as well. In addition, many patients experienced a lasting stoma, or opening from the intestine that leaked waste following the surgery.
More intensive efforts at surgical correction of severe hernias began in the middle of the 18th century as anatomical knowledge and understanding increased; however, as with other surgeries, most of the time, they were best avoided before the introduction of anesthesia and antiseptics. Even these changes did not immediately improve the state of hernia surgery.
In fact, effective surgical procedures to treat hernias only began in 1935, with significant advances during the 20th century. Effectively treating hernias requires the use of a synthetic stabilizer to prevent recurrence.