25. Sir Guy Carleton commanded in Canada through the end of the war
Carleton remained in command in Canada, and in 1782 assumed command of all British troops in North America. He directed the withdrawal of the British from New York City in 1783, which included Loyalists and escaping slaves. They were transported from New York to Halifax as the Continental Army entered New York. Carleton enforced the British position that all slaves and former slaves in British territory were free, which led to Canada becoming a goal for the Underground Railroad in the United States. Many of the former slaves were later transported to Sierra Leone on British ships.
In 1796 Carleton left Canada for the final time, returning to Great Britain and semi-retirement. Carleton, who also bore the title Lord Dorchester, is honored by that name as well as his surname in multiple places in Canada, including Ottawa’s Carleton University, and Dorchester Square in Montreal. In the United States, Benedict Arnold’s name is synonymous with treachery and treason.
Where do we find this stuff? Here are our sources:
“March on Quebec”. Willard Sterne Randall, American Heritage Magazine. Fall, 2008
“Through a Howling Wilderness: Benedict Arnold’s March to Quebec”. Thomas A. Desjardin. 2006
“Benedict Arnold: Revolutionary Hero”. James Kirby Martin. 1997
“Journal of Captain Henry Dearborn of the Quebec Expedition”. Henry Dearborn. 1775
“Major General Richard Montgomery: The Making of an American Hero”. Michael P. Gabriel. 2002
“Daniel Morgan: Ranger of the Revolution”. North Callahan. 1961
“General Richard Montgomery and the American Revolution”. Hal Shelton. 1994
“Arnold’s March from Cambridge to Quebec”. Justin H. Smith. 1903
“Quebec 1775: The American Invasion of Canada”. Brendan Morrissey. 2003
“Benedict Arnold’s Navy”. James Nelson. 2006
“The Real Benedict Arnold”. Jim Murphy. 2007
“George Washington’s Opponents”. George A. Billias, ed. 1969